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In today’s market there is great speculation regarding the terms 3D/4D/5D and other types of BT technologies. Though the producers use these terms frequently to describe the product, the customers still wonder what all these “Ds” really mean. The goal of this brief vocabulary is to open slightly the veil over these notions.
3D (three-dimensional) imaging or stereoscopic imaging is any technique capable of recording three-dimensional visual information or creating the illusion of depth in an image.
The illusion of depth in a movie, or other two dimensional image is created by presenting a slightly different image to each eye. To achieve 3D vision the viewer wears special glasses.
Today there are several techniques of 3D imaging creation:
Active stereo
LCD Shutter glasses
Shutter glasses either have two rotating discs, or two LCDs, one directly in front of each eye. The LCD system blocks one eye’s view onto the screen. When an image for the left eye is drawn on the monitor, the LCD of the right eye will block the right eye’s view and the other way round. If this is repeated fast enough (faster than can be perceived), and if the synchronization can be kept, then this will make you think you’re seeing true 3D.
Benefits: ultra clear 3D imaging and eliminate «ghosting» which is a problem with other 3D display technologies such as Anaglyph, stereoscopic image can be projected on any surface.
Disadvantages: special demands to 3D equipment, occupy a lot of place, stereoscopic technology reduces an image resolution. Flicker can be noticeable except at very high refresh rates, as each eye is effectively receiving only half of the monitor’s actual refresh rate. Because the LCD shutter glasses are shutting out light half of the time, and are slightly dark even when letting light through, less light reaches the viewers eyes from the display. This gives an effect similar to watching TV with sunglasses on, i.e. a much darker picture.
Price: high (about 100 Euro – per glasses pair)
Passive stereo
Infitec™
Infitec™ delivers superior stereo separation without ghosting, with full freedom of motion, independent of head tilt. Two optical Infitec™ filters split the color spectrum in 2 parts: one for the left and one for the right eye information.
Trans-Force attraction uses the latest stereo technology – Infitec™ based on completely new technique of Wavelength Multiplexing. It delivers superior stereo separation without ghosting, very homogeneous and serene images (like in high quality mono projection) with full freedom of motion, independent of head tilt. Infitec™ stereo display technology makes it possible for the user to produce large-sized pictures on every white projection surface without using special projection screens (silver screens).
Sometimes this technique is described as a «super-anaglyph» because it is an advanced form of spectral-multiplexing which is at the heart of the conventional anaglyph technique.
Benefits: Infitec™ stereo imaging works on every white screen. No need for special non-depolarization screens (silver screens). By use of low gain screens stereo images become very homogeneous and very serene. Homogeneity is comparable to high quality mono projection. Very high channel separation (no ghost images at all).
Disadvantages: little distortion of colors
Price: medium (about 50 Euro – per glasses pair)
Anaglyphic stereoglasses
The technology is based on the idea of splitting an image into 2 pictures by taking only the red colors of a picture for the left and the blue color for the right eye.
Benefits: low cost, easy to use.
Disadvantages: distortion of colors - left and right eye images have different colors, poor quality of stereoscopy.
Price: low
3D Polarized glasses
Polarized 3D glasses create the illusion of three-dimensional images by restricting the light that reaches each eye (linearly and circularly polarization). To present a stereoscopic motion picture, two images are projected superimposed onto the same screen through orthogonal polarizing filters. The viewer wears low-cost eyeglasses which also contain a pair of orthogonal polarizing filters. As each filter only passes light which is similarly polarized and blocks the orthogonally polarized light, each eye only sees one of the images, and the effect is achieved.
Benefits: relatively low cost for clear imaging and collective work opportunity in VR.
Disadvantages: the light reflected from a motion picture screen tends to lose a portion of its polarization, stereoscopic equipment occupies a lot of space, and special expensive silver screen is required.
Price: low
Stereoscopic three dimensional high definition projection. It can be either video projection (pre-rendered) or real-time simulation.
The addition of special effects to a theatrical presentation to create a «fourth dimension» - the sensation of tactile experience: scent, temperature, touch. Examples:
Beetles tickle the legs of unsuspecting cinema-goers, the wing beat of a gigantic dragon breezes through the rows of seats and spiders descend from the ceiling.
Moving seats or motion platform. Motion effect is described by # of DOF – (Degrees of Freedom) - referring to the number of directions or types of motions a simulator base will operate within.
Minimum DOF – 1, maximum (full motion) – 6.
A generic term for the addition of additional dimensions to the experience – also used by Kraftwerk, referring to mobility of the attraction when it is placed on a special trailer and can travel all over the country as a circus.
Virtual Reality (VR) the creation of an interactive virtual representation of a real environment with which the user can navigate and interact with. All the visual and physical inputs digitally recreated.
Interactivity is the possibility to interact with the virtual world in a real-time mode.
The most commonly used ways of interaction are: driving simulator (steering wheel), fight simulator (joystick), or firing targets (laser gun).The limitations in interaction are explained by the type of software the producers use.
Full interaction is based on real-time graphics. In contrast to 3D/4D cinemas this technology is based on modeling the image in real time rather than recorded in advance (pre-rendered). Read more information
This technology is called “real-time simulation”. The realistic perception is achieved with the refreshing rate (the speed of a single frame computing) no less then of 24 frames per second and with the superior resolution.
In the modern market Trans-Force is the leader in offering a unique full-range of interaction based on real-time simulation combined with high-quality graphics on panoramic screen with stereo projection. The difference with other producers is in the multiple ways the visitor can interact with the virtual world. From a simple observer, the spectator turns into an active participant of the adventure getting involved in route decision-making, the steering, offering input in the spaceship systems and control of weapons, taking pictures of different virtual world creatures and making other manipulations.
There can be several types of screens:
- flat
- curved (used by Trans-Force attraction)
- circular 360°
- spherical (semi-spherical and full-dome)
The most primitive one – is the flat screen that uses only 1 projector. The most advanced is full-dome that may use more than 20 projectors. In case of curved and spherical screens the special hardware or software connects the segments projected by different projectors on the screen without visible joints with 1-5° overlap.
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